Schulman started taking pictures and became involved with photography after having studied dance for 5 years. At the age of 19, he and his older brother, Ariel (an actor and filmmaker), started a film and photography production company. In 2004, Schulman started photographing dance as he became involved with the contemporary ballet community in New York City. Schulman is a founding member of the Young Leadership Committee for the youth organization, Leave Out Violence.

Shulman attended Sarah Lawrence College and studied Photography and Dance from 2004–2006. On April 28, 2006, he was involved in an incident with a female student and expelled, Shulman claims he hit the woman in self-defense.

In 2010, Schulman became the subject of the documentary Catfish, filmed by Ariel and business partner Henry Joost, in which Schulman met and fell in love with a girl he met online. The premise followed Schulman on the journey of falling in love with a girl he meets on the Internet, but later finds out that she may not be exactly who she claimed to be.

In 2012, Schulman became the host and executive producer of the follow up show Catfish: The TV Show for MTV, with his filmmaking partner Max Joseph, where he introduces couples in real life who have fallen for each other online but have yet to meet.

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